# Below, we demonstrate how to set boundary conditions for the cell gradient
# operator, construct the cell gradient operator and apply it to a discrete
# scalar quantity. The mapping of the operator and its sparsity is also
# illustrated. Our example is carried out on a 2D mesh but it can
# be done equivalently for a 3D mesh.
#
# We start by importing the necessary packages and modules.
#
from discretize import TensorMesh
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
#
# We then construct a mesh and define a scalar function at cell
# centers which is zero on the boundaries (zero Dirichlet).
#
# Create a uniform grid
#
h = np.ones(20)
mesh = TensorMesh([h, h], "CC")
#
# Create a discrete scalar on nodes
#
centers = mesh.cell_centers
phi = np.exp(-(centers[:, 0] ** 2 + centers[:, 1] ** 2) / 4 ** 2)
#
# Once the operator is created, the gradient is performed as a
# matrix-vector product.
#
# Construct the gradient operator and apply to vector
#
Gc = mesh.cell_gradient
grad_phi = Gc @ phi
#
# Plot the results
#
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(13, 6))
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(121)
mesh.plot_image(phi, ax=ax1)
ax1.set_title("Scalar at cell centers", fontsize=14)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122)
mesh.plot_image(
    grad_phi, ax=ax2, v_type="F", view="vec",
    stream_opts={"color": "w", "density": 1.0}
)
ax2.set_yticks([])
ax2.set_ylabel("")
ax2.set_title("Gradient at faces", fontsize=14)
plt.show()
#
# The cell gradient operator is a sparse matrix that maps
# from cell centers to faces. To demonstrate this, we construct
# a small 2D mesh. We then show the ordering of the elements in
# the original discrete quantity :math:`\boldsymbol{\phi}` and its
# discrete gradient as well as a spy plot.
#
mesh = TensorMesh([[(1, 3)], [(1, 6)]])
mesh.set_cell_gradient_BC('dirichlet')
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(121)
mesh.plot_grid(ax=ax1)
ax1.set_title("Mapping of Gradient Operator", fontsize=14, pad=15)
ax1.plot(mesh.cell_centers[:, 0], mesh.cell_centers[:, 1], "ro", markersize=8)
for ii, loc in zip(range(mesh.nC), mesh.cell_centers):
    ax1.text(loc[0] + 0.05, loc[1] + 0.02, "{0:d}".format(ii), color="r")
ax1.plot(mesh.faces_x[:, 0], mesh.faces_x[:, 1], "g^", markersize=8)
for ii, loc in zip(range(mesh.nFx), mesh.faces_x):
    ax1.text(loc[0] + 0.05, loc[1] + 0.02, "{0:d}".format(ii), color="g")
ax1.plot(mesh.faces_y[:, 0], mesh.faces_y[:, 1], "g>", markersize=8)
for ii, loc in zip(range(mesh.nFy), mesh.faces_y):
    ax1.text(loc[0] + 0.05, loc[1] + 0.02, "{0:d}".format((ii + mesh.nFx)), color="g")
ax1.set_xticks([])
ax1.set_yticks([])
ax1.spines['bottom'].set_color('white')
ax1.spines['top'].set_color('white')
ax1.spines['left'].set_color('white')
ax1.spines['right'].set_color('white')
ax1.set_xlabel('X', fontsize=16, labelpad=-5)
ax1.set_ylabel('Y', fontsize=16, labelpad=-15)
ax1.legend(
    ['Mesh', r'$\mathbf{\phi}$ (centers)', r'$\mathbf{u}$ (faces)'],
    loc='upper right', fontsize=14
)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122)
ax2.spy(mesh.cell_gradient)
ax2.set_title("Spy Plot", fontsize=14, pad=5)
ax2.set_ylabel("Face Index", fontsize=12)
ax2.set_xlabel("Cell Index", fontsize=12)
plt.show()